Global warming has proposed some opportunities for Russian; on the other hand, it has had threats for this country. Therefore, Russia has neither intended to constantly deny the impact of climate change on the environment and the role mankind has played in it, nor has it taken a stance at the forefront of the global fight against climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions and main features of Russia's smart climate policies and to discover the reasons why Russian Federation has adopted such an approach. Therefore, the author tries to find an answer for the following question: "What are the main features and main driving forces of Russia's Smart Climate Policies? " This study, developed within the framework of the conceptual smart climate policies, has utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology and library resources to collect and analyze the appropriate date to resolve the issue at hand. Findings of this study has revealed that the main feature of Russia's smart climate policies has been exerting efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, at the same time, getting along with the climate change phenomenon to reap its benefits. Improving energy efficiency, preparing the ground for utilizing renewable energy resources, protecting the country's assets in the Arctic, reducing the number and sequence of natural disasters and maintaining seasonal balance, are among the main motivations laying the foundation for Russia’ s greenhouse gases reduction efforts. Russia's main policy stimulus in coping with climate change, traces back to the role of global warming in facilitating access to natural resources in the Arctic, launching new shipping lanes in this region, reducing heating costs for the population living in the cold regions of northern Russia and expanding arable lands in these areas.

Never before has mankind faced such an accumulation of multiple crises in cities. Therefore, special attention to cities in general and urban prosperity in particular in the world and Iran seems necessary. The present study was done to identify the driving forces affecting urban prosperity. For this purpose, Bojnord city, the capital of North Khorasan province, was selected as sample. This research is applied in terms of purpose and combined in terms of method. Library and field methods (expert questionnaire) were used to collect information. Regarding the identification of effective driving forces, 20 experts in urban flourishing were selected as participants. The indicators were examined according to the UN CPI program in six areas (productivity, infrastructure development, quality of life, justice and social participation, environmental sustainability, and urban governance and legislation) forming 25 variables. Data analysis was performed using the interaction analysis method in Micmac Software. The results showed that the variable of information and communication technology have most impact and the least dependence. Furthermore, economic power, economic status, employment status, housing infrastructure, social infrastructure, health and health infrastructure, public space, safety and security, economic equality, social status, waste management technology, sustainable energy technology, status and ability to manage the city and the geographical location of the city have the most impact.

Aim: Change and Metamorphosis in university libraries are occurring with all its bases and with technological and technical knowledge advancements, this change will have a multi-fold and non-control acceleration. One of the things that aligns with changes is to take into account the future. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective trends in future academic libraries as well as identifying effective factors affecting the future of academic libraries. Method: The approach of this study is futures studies. The systematic review, the experts panel and the Delphi process have been used to collect data. To analyze the data, experts panel and Micmac software gas been used. Micmac software is a tool for structural analysis of components and future constructive variables of the system. Data validation is used to measure validity and reliability of data. To determine the consensus among panel members, the kendall'scoordination coefficient has been used. Statistical population of this research was consists of 20 directors of the central libraries of the State universities, professors and experts in the field of information and knowledge sciences and the futurist professors and professors. Findings: The main trends were identified with the method of library study and environmental scan. Five key elements and drivers consist of: "smart city", "co-existence and co-operation", "digital natives", "privacy" and "information technology" were determined with the highest influence and influence of experts, s after two rounds of Delphi. Four variables consist of "artificial intelligence".

Nuclear medicine is a complex Technology which is constituted by the integration of clinical practice, scientific research and strategic issues, supported by the inspiration, aspiration and perspiration of its dedicated professionals, and sustained by the consistent and systematic activities of various international and governmental organizations. Throughout the last 40 years, nuclear medicine has emerged dramatically as a truly promising field in Korea through the progress and proliferation of research, technology and practice which was stimulated by multiple driving forces as follows: foundation of the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, publishing related books and printed materials, host of the 3rd Asia and Oceania Congress of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, establishment of Korea Board of Nuclear Medicine, host country for World Federation and Congress of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, international cooperative activity through IAEA, JSNM, SNM, CJK, EANM and ARCCNM, contribution by national organizations such as Government, KAERI, Korea RI Association, etc, activated by the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine Technologist, dedication by related industrial companies and introduction and expansion of PET/CT technology.Now it is time to seriously consider the answer for two fundamental questions: 1. Is it essential health technology? 2. Is it self‐survivable or self‐sustainable? It is important to recognize and emphasize the new driving forces of our role in promoting and strengthening nuclear medicine community, based on vision, innovative changes and networks, which are most important essentiality for global leadership.The leadership program should be held as a very important essential function to encourage all members to be real powerful leaders in nuclear medicine community. We need powerful leaders and experienced advisory groups to provide strategic directions and proper guidance. It is also essential to build multiple teams to expand and activate human network, institutional network, international network, industrial network and strategic or political partnership network.The collaborative leadership through with national and international organizations will offer a scheme of global synergy to the overall growth and development of nuclear medicine. It can improve global communication will encourage constant progress, ultimately increasing harmony and success and strengthening nuclear medicine community.

The present study aims to formulate policies for developing the government's revenue portfolio using a futures research approach. This research seeks to identify and explore possible futures and scenarios for the development of the government's revenue portfolio and strives to formulate strategies based on the most desirable scenarios. The study falls within the domain of futures research and is classified as qualitative research, utilizing the scenario-writing method. The statistical population of this study includes "experts in the fields of economics and policymaking" categorized into three groups: (a) academic elites, (b) economic managers and decision-makers, and (c) economic decision-makers in parliament. After selecting the experts, a structured inquiry process was conducted to collect their views regarding the government's revenue portfolio. Ultimately, after screening the variables, 84 variables were identified within eight dimensions as the primary macro variables affecting the government's revenue portfolio: legal factors, cultural and social factors, economic factors and sub-sectors, global and international factors, structural factors, banking and financial factors, science and knowledge-related factors, and political factors. Subsequently, using the cross-impact analysis (structural analysis) method through MICMAC software, the key influencing factors shaping the future state of the studied environment were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the key influencing variables affecting the development of the government's revenue portfolio include natural gas and petrochemical industries, agricultural economy, inflation rate, labor market conditions and employment levels, stock prices and stock exchange performance, free trade zones, tax return conditions and amounts, consumption tax rates, interest rates, non-financial government revenues, locomotive industry, heavy industries (steel, electricity, and automobile manufacturing), income tax rates, tariffs and various production and employment barriers, traffic economy, foreign investment inflows, housing market conditions and prices, textile industries, construction and urban development, unemployment rate, and government revenues from natural resources.

Introduction: Knowledge organization is one of the oldest and most fundamental topics in knowledge and information science. Future study is a general human capacity that enables a person to think about the future and examine, model and create future possibilities and show them in front of themselves. Success in identifying driving forces, macrotrends and shapers of the future and investigating their impact on key factors affecting each future and analyzing the feasibility of certain futures with the aim of creating desirable futures are among the goals of future research. The future of information science has faced new developments. Undoubtedly, the future will be different from what has been customary before. The profession of information science must make fundamental and specific changes, otherwise it will be abandoned. Futuristic science is a science that opens the view of information science to possible future events, challenges and opportunities and makes it possible to reach the desired future from the right path. It seems that there is no clear, accurate and correct view of the developments, effective forces, challenges, solutions and matters related to the knowledge  organization. Not having the right knowledge and making decisions based on trial and error and different tastes, causes waste of time and money, getting lost, reducing efficiency, rework, lack of coherence, getting lost, etc., and causes a lot of losses to this important field. The purpose of this research is to future study of knowledge organization using the opinions of Iranian experts in this field about the future and related issues.Methodology: The type of research is applied with a qualitative approach that has been collected by qualitative content analysis, grounded theory and interview tools to obtain the opinions of knowledge organization experts. The collected data were analyzed based on thematic analysis. After asking questions, the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and implemented. The transcripts of the interviews were then read and reviewed several times so that the researcher had sufficient control over the data. In the third stage, the data were broken down into semantic units in the form of sentences and paragraphs related to the main meaning. Semantic units were reviewed several times and then the appropriate concepts of each semantic unit were written. The research population is 20 experts in information science and science with a specialized field of knowledge organization who were interviewed by phone.Findings: The results led to the identification of several factors about the driving forces, trends, challenges and strategies affecting knowledge organization. According to experts, the influential driving forces in the future of knowledge organization are: knowledge producers, knowledge stakeholders, knowledge users, knowledge theorists, education, cooperation of information science and computer science experts, etc. Some interviewees see the collection of research on knowledge organization as a growing yet diverse trend. Cataloging and classification, taxonomy, traditional topics including reduction items and web-based tools, tools and standards for organizing knowledge, semantic web and ontology are expressed as incremental items. In the field of knowledge organizing challenges, we can also mention factors such as: research problems, manpower, education, data problems, software problems, non-compliance with standards. The interviewees also provided a variety of solutions in the fields of education, research, manpower, financial resources and technology-related issues. Finally, the paradigm model of the research was drawn and the related factors in each category were identified.Conclusion: Organizing knowledge is a multifaceted, growing and prolific subject in knowledge and information science that is struggling with its strengths and weaknesses. Each part of the paradigm model interacts with each other and has a positive or negative effect on each other. Paying attention to the positive points and eliminating the weak points can help in promoting the knowledge organization and knowledge and information science. Education is one of the most important driving forces of knowledge organization and is like a double-edged sword that can act as an effective force if paid attention to. Otherwise it is considered a big challenge. Experts in knowledge organization have a good and clear knowledge of the issues in this area and have expressed various influential cases. Therefore, it is necessary to use collective wisdom and financial and spiritual support to pay more attention to knowledge organizing and try to promote strengths and eliminate weaknesses.

Today, over half of the world's population lives in urban areas, withmany developing countries experiencing rapid urbanization, resulting in emergence  of metropolitan areas. Each metropolitan area can follow a different growth pattern according to its characteristics and environmental conditions. In Iran, metropolitan areas such as Tehranconfront challenges associated with sprawl development, often at the expense of green lands.  Neglecting this phenomenon can lead to spatial fragmentation  leading to inefficiency of regional development policies. Tehran metropolitan area, Iran's largest urban center, continually attracts a growing population, necessitating a thorough analysis of its growth dynamics and underlying drivers for effective planning. Therefore, the present study intends to analyze the growth patterns and the driving forces influencing the formation of Tehran and Alborz urban agglomeration by using quantitative research approach and using satellite images and secondary data. The study evaluated the spatial pattern of growth of Tehran urban agglomeration during the years 2000 to 2020 using the SLEUTH model, complemented by logistic regression to identify key drivers. First the land use changes of Tehran urban agglomeration during the last two decades are examined and then, according to the coefficients obtained in the implementation of the calibration of the SLEUTH model, the urban growth pattern is determined.  Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of driving forces. During the last two decades, the share of urban areas and bare lands in the study area has increased and the area of agricultural lands, grasslands and gardens has decreased. Thus, the biggest change was in the increase in the share of barren land use, where most of the agricultural land and orchards have been converted to other uses. The results of calibration of historical data in the region suggested that road infrastructure and topographical features, particularly slopes, heavily influence Tehran's urban growth patterns.. The main pattern of urban growth in the suburban areas of the region has a linear nature and edge expansion due to slope resistance. However, the coefficients of expansion, diffusion and beer show less probability for a new diffusion center and spontaneous growth in this study. Therefore, it can be concluded that the main factor of urban growth in this region is road-based infrastructure. Also, in areas with high topography such as eastern areas and Alborz area, slope has an important role in urban configuration. In the changes of the built areas, the distance from the bare lands, in the changes of the agricultural lands, the distance from the main roads and in the changes of the bare lands, the distance from the agricultural lands have had the most impact.

In the last three decades, Iran has experienced significant demographic changes, so that fertility changes in Iran have been interpreted as the fastest decrease in fertility in the world, and the harmful effects of these changes have been more special in the rural area. Therefore, the current research with a forward-looking approach seeks to explain the driving forces affecting demographic changes and developments and investigate the effects of these drivers on the development of villages. The research is of an applied type with a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The statistical community of the research is formed in the study section, library documents and in the interview section of experts who are proficient in the two subject areas of future studies and demographics. The statistical population of the study was 120 and the selected sample size was 92 according to the Cochran formula. The forecasting method used is brainstorming and expert panel. Analysis of findings was done using SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that 34 drivers are effective in the area of population changes and transformations, and among the extracted drivers, three drivers of increasing inflation, reproductive health services and revitalizing the family planning program had higher priority according to the opinion of the sample community.